2.1 Core Evidence for Consistency of the Sea-and-Threads Picture

Home ／ Chapter 2: Consistency Evidence

Purpose. We assemble strong, cross-era, reproducible experiments—all performed in vacuum regions under applied fields, boundaries, geometry, or drive—to clarify four points:

• The universe is not “empty geometry,” but an energy sea that can be tightened or relaxed and reshaped by boundaries and driving.
• Within this sea, organized disturbances and structures (wave packets and “threads”) can be drawn out and then dissolve back when conditions change.
• Many Generalized Unstable Particles (GUP) produce a statistical pull on the medium’s tension during their lifetimes, yielding a smooth background we term Statistical Tensor Gravity (STG); when they decompose or annihilate, they inject broad-band, low-coherence wave packets into the medium, which we term Tensor Local Noise (TBN).
• Sea and Threads interconvert, unifying particles, wave packets, and medium into a single picture.

Scope. We list “hard evidence” observed in vacuum regions with no material targets—only external fields/geometry/boundaries/drive—where forces, radiation/disturbances, and real particle pairs appear.

I. Claims to Be Tested

• C1 | Existence of a sea-like medium: in vacuum regions, measurements change systematically when only boundaries/geometry/drive/fields are adjusted.
• C2 | Sea↔Threads interconversion: at suitable density and tension, organized structures/wave packets can be drawn from the sea and dissolve back when conditions are removed.
• C3 | Unstable particles → Statistical Tensor Gravity: many unstable particles produce a statistical pull on the medium’s tension, which appears macroscopically as a smooth background.
• C4 | Deconstruction/annihilation → Tensor Local Noise: transient structures inject broad-band, low-coherence wave packets at deconstruction/annihilation, generating pervasive noise and small perturbations.
• C5 | Stabilized threads (stable particles): in threshold/closed/low-loss windows, threads can “freeze” into stable structures that carry familiar particle properties.

Note: The strong evidence in this section nails down C1/C2 and, through “energy → matter thresholds,” touches the physical basis of C5. The cosmological appearances of C3/C4 are developed in 2.2–2.4.

II. Core Evidence: Vacuum Region + Applied Fields (V1–V6)

1. Forces “from nowhere” in vacuum

• V1 | Since 1997 | Casimir Force
• What was done: in high vacuum, only the plate separation/geometry of two neutral conductors was varied.
• What was seen: a measurable attraction appeared and scaled with separation/geometry by fixed laws.
• What it shows: with no material target and no particle transport, changing boundary conditions alone reshapes the electromagnetic mode density in vacuum and generates a measurable force in the gap. → C1

2. Energy/light/disturbances “from nowhere” in vacuum

• V2 | 2011 | Dynamic Casimir Effect (DCE)
• What was done: a superconducting circuit rapidly modulated an effective mirror in a vacuum cavity.
• What was seen: in the absence of a conventional source, paired photons were directly detected; two-mode squeezing and other quantum fingerprints were present.
• What it shows: boundaries/drive alone can draw vacuum fluctuations into detectable wave packets; energy comes from the drive, while the “light-birth region” is vacuum. → C1/C2
• V3 | Since 2017 | Light–Light Elastic Scattering (γγ→γγ)
• What was done: in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions (UPC), two equivalent high-energy photon fields were made to meet in vacuum.
• What was seen: photon–photon elastic scattering was cleanly observed with strong significance.
• What it shows: in vacuum regions, electromagnetic fields interact and redistribute energy detectably—with no material target. → C1

3. Direct creation of real particles in vacuum

• V4 | 2021 | Breit–Wheeler (γγ→e⁺e⁻)
• What was done: in UPC conditions at RHIC/LHC, two equivalent photons collided in vacuum.
• What was seen: abundant electron–positron pairs were observed; angular distributions and yields matched theory.
• What it shows: without a material target, pure field energy converts directly to real charged pairs in vacuum—“energy → matter.” → C1/C2 (and touches C5 thresholding)
• V5 | 1997 | Nonlinear Breit–Wheeler
• What was done: strong-field QED: a high-energy γ interacted with an intense laser field in a vacuum overlap region.
• What was seen: multi-photon pair production (e⁺e⁻) was observed alongside nonlinear Compton signatures.
• What it shows: strong external fields can push short-lived virtual pairs over threshold into detectable real pairs—in vacuum. → C1/C2 (and touches C5)
• V6 | 2022 | Trident: e⁻ → e⁻e⁺e⁻
• What was done: a high-energy electron beam traversed a strong-field region (oriented crystal/ultra-strong EM field), with pair-creation steps occurring in field-dominated vacuum.
• What was seen: total rates and differential spectra showed thresholding and scaling with strong-field parameters, consistent with theory.
• What it shows: external fields alone can supply the energy to produce a new charged pair at the pair-creation step without a material target. → C1 (touches C5)

Parallel extensions (same tier): heavier channels such as γγ→μ⁺μ⁻, γγ→τ⁺τ⁻, and even γγ→W⁺W⁻ have been progressively confirmed in UPC vacuum regions, emphasizing a universal “energy over threshold opens channels” pattern for energy→matter.

III. Relation to Quantum Field Theory: Compatible Recasting, Deeper Mechanism

• Quantum field theory provides the statistical–computational framework of amplitudes, operators, and propagators.
• The Sea-and-Threads picture adds intuitive, medium-level cause: why the vacuum is excitable, how threads and clumps emerge, and how thresholding “freezes” them into particles.

IV. Summary

• The Sea exists and is plastic: in vacuum regions, changing only boundaries/fields produces forces, radiation/disturbances, and real particle pairs—evidence for an excitable, reshaped continuous medium (an energy sea).
• Sea ↔ Threads interconvert: the same vacuum settings draw organized wave packets/line-like structures from the Sea and let them dissolve back when conditions are removed—an experimentally reproducible fact.
• Energy→Matter thresholding: when energy supply and constraints in vacuum (from fields/boundaries/geometry/drive) exceed thresholds, thread-like states can freeze into stable particles; below threshold, they remain unstable. During their lifetimes, they produce Statistical Tensor Gravity; at deconstruction/annihilation, they inject Tensor Local Noise.

Therefore, these strong results converge on a unified physical picture: the Sea is the foundational medium; Threads are extractable structural units; and particles are threshold-frozen threads—together forming the core evidence for the internal consistency of the Sea-and-Threads picture.